What is In Vitro Fertilization?

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is a reproductive technology, also known as the "test-tube baby" method. It involves collecting male and female gametes (sperm and eggs) and performing fertilization in a controlled laboratory environment. The fertilized embryo is then transferred to the uterus of the expectant mother.

Who is this treatment recommended for?

IVF is recommended for couples who have difficulty conceiving, often due to issues like sperm not reaching the egg, advanced maternal age, sperm production problems in men, tubal blockage, or endometriosis in women.

IVF is also an option for women with difficulties producing eggs. They can receive eggs from a donor, which are fertilized with male gametes and carried in their own uterus.

Additionally, it is an option for same-sex male couples. In such cases, a woman needs to volunteer to carry the embryo and donate her eggs for fertilization.

To proceed with the treatment, the expectant mother must follow certain health guidelines to receive the fertilized gametes, including:

• Maintaining a balanced diet;
• Avoiding smoking;
• Reducing alcohol intake;
• Taking folic acid supplements.

How is In Vitro Fertilization performed?

The process begins with the man providing a sperm sample, either manually or through a small biopsy of the testicles if no sperm are found in the semen.

The woman undergoes ovulation induction with medications to facilitate the collection of her eggs.

Selected sperm are then placed in a Petri dish with a female egg. Approximately 200,000 sperm are used to attempt fertilization, simulating the natural fertilization process in the human body.

Once fertilized, the embryo is transferred into the woman’s uterus in a process similar to a Pap smear. After 14 days, a test is conducted to determine the success of the procedure.

What is the timeline and success rate of IVF?

The entire process—from gamete collection, fertilization, embryo transfer, to the final pregnancy test—takes about 25 days.

The success rate depends on the age of the egg donor, as older eggs may be more challenging to fertilize. Success rates can reach up to 60% per attempt.

Which doctors should I consult for IVF treatment?

IVF should be performed by a multidisciplinary medical team, including gynecologists, embryologists, and urologists, to address all aspects of fertility issues in men and women. It is important to choose a trusted team for a smooth and safe process.